[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":276},["ShallowReactive",2],{"\u002Fblog\u002Fimasu-vs-arimasu":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":262,"extension":263,"igVideoUrl":264,"meta":265,"navigation":266,"path":267,"publishedAt":268,"seo":269,"stem":270,"tags":271,"__hash__":275},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fimasu-vs-arimasu.md","日文「有」怎麼分？活物用います、死物用あります的判斷原則",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":251},"minimark",[9,14,18,35,38,42,49,94,97,100,103,117,125,128,139,147,150,154,161,169,172,175,178,186,189,197,201,204,219,240,243,248],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"中文的有日文要分兩種說法","中文的「有」，日文要分兩種說法",[15,16,17],"p",{},"中文說「我家有狗」「我家有吉他」，「有」這個字不管對象是什麼都通用。但日文不一樣，同樣是表示「存在」，會依對象是不是有生命而分成兩個完全不同的動詞：",[19,20,21,29],"ul",{},[22,23,24,25],"li",{},"我家有狗 → 家に犬",[26,27,28],"strong",{},"がいます",[22,30,31,32],{},"我家有吉他 → 家にギター",[26,33,34],{},"があります",[15,36,37],{},"這兩句中文結構一模一樣，日文卻用了不同的動詞。分清楚います和あります，是初學者一定會遇到、也最容易搞混的關卡之一。",[10,39,41],{"id":40},"判斷原則看對象是不是自己會動","判斷原則：看對象是不是「自己會動」",[15,43,44,45,48],{},"最簡單的判斷方式，不是「是不是生物」，而是",[26,46,47],{},"這個對象會不會自己移動","：",[50,51,52,68],"table",{},[53,54,55],"thead",{},[56,57,58,62,65],"tr",{},[59,60,61],"th",{},"動詞",[59,63,64],{},"用於",[59,66,67],{},"例子",[69,70,71,83],"tbody",{},[56,72,73,77,80],{},[74,75,76],"td",{},"います",[74,78,79],{},"人、動物等會自己移動的生命體",[74,81,82],{},"人、犬、猫、鳥、魚",[56,84,85,88,91],{},[74,86,87],{},"あります",[74,89,90],{},"物品、植物等不會自己移動的東西",[74,92,93],{},"本、ギター、車、木、花",[15,95,96],{},"用「います」的對象都是能自主行動的生命體；用「あります」的則是靜態存在、不會自己移動的東西——這也是為什麼植物雖然是生物，卻要用「あります」的原因，見下方說明。",[10,98,99],{"id":99},"基本句型",[15,101,102],{},"兩種存在句的結構完全相同，只差動詞：",[15,104,105,116],{},[26,106,107,111,112,115],{},[108,109,110],"span",{},"場所","に",[108,113,114],{},"對象","が います／あります。","（在〜有〜）",[19,118,119,122],{},[22,120,121],{},"教室に学生がいます。（教室裡有學生。）",[22,123,124],{},"机の上に辞書があります。（桌上有辭典。）",[15,126,127],{},"也可以反過來，先講對象再講場所：",[15,129,130,138],{},[26,131,132,134,135,137],{},[108,133,114],{},"は",[108,136,110],{},"に います／あります。","（〜在〜）",[19,140,141,144],{},[22,142,143],{},"学生は教室にいます。（學生在教室裡。）",[22,145,146],{},"辞書は机の上にあります。（辭典在桌上。）",[15,148,149],{},"兩種語序意思相近，差別在於強調的重點：先講場所是在描述「這個地方有什麼」，先講對象則是在回答「這個東西在哪裡」。",[10,151,153],{"id":152},"容易忽略的例外植物用あります","容易忽略的例外：植物用「あります」",[15,155,156,157,160],{},"植物雖然是活的生物，會生長、會枯萎，但因為",[26,158,159],{},"不會自己移動位置","，日文文法上把它歸類跟物品一樣，用「あります」：",[19,162,163,166],{},[22,164,165],{},"庭に桜の木があります。（院子裡有一棵櫻花樹。）",[22,167,168],{},"花瓶に花があります。（花瓶裡有花。）",[15,170,171],{},"這點常常讓初學者直覺想用「います」，因為植物「是活的」，但判斷關鍵是「會不會自己移動」，不是「有沒有生命」，記住這個原則就不會搞混。",[10,173,174],{"id":174},"否定形與疑問句",[15,176,177],{},"います和あります的否定形分別是いません和ありません：",[19,179,180,183],{},[22,181,182],{},"教室に学生がいません。（教室裡沒有學生。）",[22,184,185],{},"机の上に辞書がありません。（桌上沒有辭典。）",[15,187,188],{},"疑問句只要把「か」加在句尾：",[19,190,191,194],{},[22,192,193],{},"教室に学生がいますか。（教室裡有學生嗎？）",[22,195,196],{},"机の上に辞書がありますか。（桌上有辭典嗎？）",[10,198,200],{"id":199},"練習這句話該用哪一個","練習：這句話該用哪一個？",[15,202,203],{},"蓋住答案自己想想看：",[205,206,207,210,213,216],"ol",{},[22,208,209],{},"房間裡有一隻貓 → 部屋に猫が（　　　）",[22,211,212],{},"桌上有一台電腦 → 机の上にパソコンが（　　　）",[22,214,215],{},"公園裡有很多樹 → 公園に木がたくさん（　　　）",[22,217,218],{},"教室裡有老師 → 教室に先生が（　　　）",[220,221,222,226],"details",{},[223,224,225],"summary",{},"答案",[205,227,228,231,234,237],{},[22,229,230],{},"います（貓會自己移動）",[22,232,233],{},"あります（電腦是物品）",[22,235,236],{},"あります（樹是植物，不會自己移動）",[22,238,239],{},"います（老師是人）",[10,241,242],{"id":242},"一句話記住判斷原則",[15,244,245],{},[26,246,247],{},"先問「這個東西會不會自己移動」：會→います；不會→あります。植物雖然是生物，但因為不會自己移動，例外歸在あります這一邊。",[15,249,250],{},"這組文法看似基礎，但幾乎每次自我介紹、描述房間、描述家人寵物時都會用到，值得花時間把判斷原則練到直覺反應。",{"title":252,"searchDepth":253,"depth":253,"links":254},"",2,[255,256,257,258,259,260,261],{"id":12,"depth":253,"text":13},{"id":40,"depth":253,"text":41},{"id":99,"depth":253,"text":99},{"id":152,"depth":253,"text":153},{"id":174,"depth":253,"text":174},{"id":199,"depth":253,"text":200},{"id":242,"depth":253,"text":242},"中文的「有」不分對象，日文卻要看「會不會自己移動」決定用います還是あります。這篇整理判斷原則、句型結構、植物這個常見例外，一次搞懂存在句怎麼用。","md",null,{},true,"\u002Fblog\u002Fimasu-vs-arimasu","2026-07-15",{"title":5,"description":262},"blog\u002Fimasu-vs-arimasu",[272,273,274],"文法教學","初級日文","句型","qLHw6RYLWF2In6QWY4mjQAGsGuLJMOpJjPbplz-d1So",1782936205199]